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NEW QUESTION # 70
Your risk management organization requires that new AWS S3 buckets must be private and encrypted at rest.
How can Terraform Cloud automatically and proactively enforce this security control?
- A. With a Sentinel policy, which runs before every apply
- B. Auditing cloud storage buckets with a vulnerability scanning tool
- C. By adding variables to each Terraform Cloud workspace to ensure these settings are always enabled
- D. With an S3 module with proper settings for buckets
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best way to automatically and proactively enforce the security control that new AWS S3 buckets must be private and encrypted at rest is with a Sentinel policy, which runs before every apply. Sentinel is a policy as code framework that allows you to define and enforce logic-based policies for your infrastructure. Terraform Cloud supports Sentinel policies for all paid tiers, and can run them before any terraform plan or terraform apply operation. You can write a Sentinel policy that checks the configuration of the S3 buckets and ensures that they have the proper settings for privacy and encryption, and then assign the policy to your Terraform Cloud organization or workspace. This way, Terraform Cloud will prevent any changes that violate the policy from being applied. Reference = [Sentinel Policy Framework],
[Manage Policies in Terraform Cloud], [Write and Test Sentinel Policies for Terraform]
NEW QUESTION # 71
Which command should you run to check if all code in a Terraform configuration that references multiple modules is properly formatted without making changes?
- A. terraform fmt -write-false
- B. terraform fmt -check
- C. terraform fmt -check -recursive
- D. terraform fmt -list -recursive
Answer: C
Explanation:
This command will check if all code in a Terraform configuration that references multiple modules is properly formatted without making changes, and will return a non-zero exit code if any files need formatting. The other commands will either make changes, list the files that need formatting, or not check the modules.
NEW QUESTION # 72
How does Terraform determine dependencies between resources?
- A. Terraform automatically builds a resource graph based on resources provisioners, special meta- parameters, and the stale file (if present}
- B. Terraform requires resource dependencies to be defined as modules and sourced in order
- C. Terraform requires all dependencies between resources to be specified using the depends_on parameter
- D. Terraform requires resources in a configuration to be listed m the order they will be created to determine dependencies
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is how Terraform determines dependencies between resources, by using the references between them in the configuration files and other factors that affect the order of operations.
NEW QUESTION # 73
When you use a remote backend that needs authentication, HashiCorp recommends that you:
- A. Push your Terraform configuration to an encrypted git repository
- B. Keep the Terraform configuration files in a secret store
- C. Use partial configuration to load the authentication credentials outside of the Terraform code
- D. Write the authentication credentials in the Terraform configuration files
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is the recommended way to use a remote backend that needs authentication, as it allows you to provide the credentials via environment variables, command-line arguments, or interactive prompts, without storing them in the Terraform configuration files.
NEW QUESTION # 74
Module version is required to reference a module on the Terraform Module Registry.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
Module version is optional to reference a module on the Terraform Module Registry. If you omit the version constraint, Terraform will automatically use the latest available version of the module
NEW QUESTION # 75
You can reference a resource created with for_each using a Splat ( *) expression.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
You cannot reference a resource created with for_each using a splat (*) expression, as it will not work with resources that have non-numeric keys. You need to use a for expression instead to iterate over the resource instances.
NEW QUESTION # 76
Your DevOps team is currently using the local backend for your Terraform configuration. You would like to move to a remote backend to store the state file in a central location.
Which of the following backends would not work?
- A. Git
- B. Artifactory
- C. Amazon S3
- D. Terraform Cloud
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is not a valid backend for Terraform, as it does not support locking or versioning of state files4.
The other options are valid backends that can store state files in a central location.
NEW QUESTION # 77
What does state looking accomplish?
- A. Blocks Terraform commands from modifying, the state file
- B. Copies the state file from memory to disk
- C. Encrypts any credentials stored within the state file
- D. Prevent accidental Prevent accident deletion of the state file
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is what state locking accomplishes, by preventing other users from modifying the state file while a Terraform operation is in progress. This prevents conflicts and data loss.
NEW QUESTION # 78
If a DevOps team adopts AWS CloudFormation as their standardized method for provisioning public cloud resoruces, which of the following scenarios poses a challenge for this team?
- A. The DevOps team is tasked with automating a manual, web console-based provisioning.
- B. The team is asked to manage a new application stack built on AWS-native services
- C. The organization decides to expand into Azure wishes to deploy new infrastructure
- D. The team is asked to build a reusable code based that can deploy resources into any AWS region
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 79
_______backends support state locking.
- A. All
- B. Only local
- C. Some
- D. No
Answer: C
Explanation:
Some backends support state locking, which prevents other users from modifying the state file while a Terraform operation is in progress. This prevents conflicts and data loss. Not all backends support this feature, and you can check the documentation for each backend type to see if it does.
NEW QUESTION # 80
What is the workflow for deploying new infrastructure with Terraform?
- A. Write Terraform configuration, run terraform show to view proposed changes, and terraform apply to create new infrastructure
- B. Write Terraform configuration, run terraform init to initialize the working directory or workspace, and run terraform apply
- C. Write Terraform configuration, run terraform apply to create infrastructure, use terraform validate to confirm Terraform deployed resources correctly
- D. Write Terraform configuration, run terraform plan to initialize the working directory or workspace, and terraform apply to create the infrastructure
Answer: B
Explanation:
This is the workflow for deploying new infrastructure with Terraform, as it will create a plan and apply it to the target environment. The other options are either incorrect or incomplete.
NEW QUESTION # 81
A developer accidentally launched a VM (virtual machine) outside of the Terraform workflow and ended up with two servers with the same name. They don't know which VM Terraform manages but do have a list of all active VM IDs.
Which of the following methods could you use to discover which instance Terraform manages?
- A. Run terraform taint/code on all the VMs to recreate them
- B. Use terraform refresh/code to find out which IDs are already part of state
- C. Update the code to include outputs for the ID of all VMs, then run terraform plan to view the outputs
- D. Run terraform state list to find the names of all VMs, then run terraform state show for each of them to find which VM ID Terraform manages
Answer: D
Explanation:
The terraform state list command lists all resources that are managed by Terraform in the current state file1. The terraform state show command shows the attributes of a single resource in the state file2. By using these two commands, you can compare the VM IDs in your list with the ones in the state file and identify which one is managed by Terraform.
NEW QUESTION # 82
One remote backend configuration always maps to a single remote workspace.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:
The remote backend can work with either a single remote Terraform Cloud workspace, or with multiple similarly-named remote workspaces (like networking-dev and networking-prod). The workspaces block of the backend configuration determines which mode it uses. To use a single remote Terraform Cloud workspace, set workspaces.name to the remote workspace's full name (like networking-prod). To use multiple remote workspaces, set workspaces.prefix to a prefix used in all of the desired remote workspace names. For example, set prefix = "networking-" to use Terraform cloud workspaces with names like networking-dev and networking-prod. This is helpful when mapping multiple Terraform CLI workspaces used in a single Terraform configuration to multiple Terraform Cloud workspaces3. However, one remote backend configuration always maps to a single remote workspace, either by name or by prefix. You cannot use both name and prefix in the same backend configuration, or omit both. Doing so will result in a configuration error3. Reference = [Backend Type: remote]3
NEW QUESTION # 83
How do you specify a module's version when publishing it to the public terraform Module Registry?
- A. Configuration it in the module's Terraform code
- B. The Terraform Module Registry does not support versioning modules
- C. Mention it on the module's configuration page on the Terraform Module Registry
- D. Tag a release in the associated repo
Answer: D
Explanation:
This is how you specify a module's version when publishing it to the public Terraform Module Registry, as it uses the tags from your version control system (such as GitHub or GitLab) to identify module versions.
You need to use semantic versioning for your tags, such as v1.0.0.
NEW QUESTION # 84
How would you output returned values from a child module in the Terraform CLI output?
- A. None of the above
- B. Declare the output in the root configuration
- C. Declare the output in both the root and child module
- D. Declare the output in the child module
Answer: C
Explanation:
To output returned values from a child module in the Terraform CLI output, you need to declare the output in both the child module and the root module. The child module output will return the value to the root module, and the root module output will display the value in the CLI. Reference = [Terraform Outputs]
NEW QUESTION # 85
Setting the TF_LOG environment variable to DEBUG causes debug messages to be logged into stdout.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:
Setting the TF_LOG environment variable to DEBUG causes debug messages to be logged into stdout, along with other log levels such as TRACE, INFO, WARN, and ERROR. This can be useful for troubleshooting or debugging purposes.
NEW QUESTION # 86
Your security team scanned some Terraform workspaces and found secrets stored in plaintext in state files.
How can you protect that data?
- A. Store the state in an encrypted backend
- B. Delete the state file every time you run Terraform
- C. Always store your secrets in a secrets.tfvars file
- D. Edit your state file to scrub out the sensitive data
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is a secure way to protect sensitive data in the state file, as it will be encrypted at rest and in transit2. The other options are not recommended, as they could lead to data loss, errors, or security breaches.
NEW QUESTION # 87
What does this code do?
- A. Requires any version of the AWS provider > = 3.0 and <4.0
- B. Requires any version of the AWS provider > = 3.0 major release. like 4.1
- C. Requires any version of the AWS provider > 3.0
- D. Requires any version of the AWS provider >= 3.0
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is what this code does, by using the pessimistic constraint operator (~>), which specifies an acceptable range of versions for a provider or module.
NEW QUESTION # 88
If you update the version constraint in your Terraform configuration, Terraform will update your lock file the next time you run terraform Init.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:
If you update the version constraint in your Terraform configuration, Terraform will update your lock file the next time you run terraform init3. This will ensure that you use the same provider versions across different machines and runs.
NEW QUESTION # 89
Only the user that generated a plan may apply it.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
Any user with permission to apply a plan can apply it, not only the user that generated it. This allows for collaboration and delegation of tasks among team members.
NEW QUESTION # 90
You want to know from which paths Terraform is loading providers referenced in your Terraform configuration (* files). You need to enable additional logging messages to find this out.
Which of the following would achieve this?
- A. Set verbose for each provider in your Terraform configuration
- B. Set the environment variable TF_LOG_PATH
- C. Set the environment variable TF_log_TRACE
- D. Set the environment variable TF_LOG_TRACE
Answer: D
Explanation:
This will enable additional logging messages to find out from which paths Terraform is loading providers referenced in your Terraform configuration files, as it will set the log level to TRACE, which is the most verbose and detailed level.
NEW QUESTION # 91
HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) supports user-denned functions.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) does not support user-defined functions. You can only use the built-in functions that are provided by the language. The built-in functions allow you to perform various operations and transformations on values within expressions. The general syntax for function calls is a function name followed by comma-separated arguments in parentheses, such as max(5, 12, 9). You can find the documentation for all of the available built-in functions in the Terraform Registry or the Packer Documentation, depending on which tool you are using. Reference = : Functions - Configuration Language | Terraform : Functions - Configuration Language | Packer
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which of the following methods, used to provision resources into a public cloud, demonstrates the concept of infrastructure as code?
- A. A series of commands you enter into a public cloud console
- B. curl commands manually run from a terminal
- C. A script that contains a series of public cloud CLI commands
- D. A sequence of REST requests you pass to a public cloud API endpoint Most Voted
Answer: C
Explanation:
The concept of infrastructure as code (IaC) is to define and manage infrastructure using code, rather than manual processes or GUI tools. A script that contains a series of public cloud CLI commands is an example of IaC, because it uses code to provision resources into a public cloud. The other options are not examples of IaC, because they involve manual or interactive actions, such as running curl commands, sending REST requests, or entering commands into a console. Reference = [Introduction to Infrastructure as Code with Terraform] and [Infrastructure as Code]
NEW QUESTION # 93
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